Pencil Box Index

-From the Pencil Box:  Tools for the Craft  
------------------------------------------------------------------------Amy Unsworth

Part Nine:  Poetry, Aesthetic & You

Spend even a small of time in the pursuit of poetry, the study of craft, the study of the masters, and the study of the luminaries of our times, and you will conclude that there is an enormous body of literature that is impossible to read in its entirety and this list is ever expanding as time passes.  Secondly, you will probably realize that there is no standard definition of "good" poetry.  There are thousands of pages of poems considered important enough to be included in literature's canon: from Beowulf, to the sonnets of John Donne, to Ezra Pound's translations of ancient Chinese poets. 

Every day, poets here and there are still taking up the banners of their varying schools of thought.  Some argue for the beauty of formal verse, some argue for the organic and spontaneous nature of free verse. Some say Charles Bukowski, others insist on Emily Dickinson, and still others will contend that Wallace Stevens (or William Carlos Williams or Gertrude Stein or Gary Snyder) are to be emulated.  All at once, the entire business seems impossible to come to terms with. When you reach this point, it may help to take some time to define your personal aesthetic.  Just as you would not expect everyone to enjoy the same selection of music or picnic fare, you cannot expect everyone's taste in poetry to be the same.  From time to time, you might find it revealing to answer the following questions and then apply what you discover to your writing.  Take out several of your recent poems and see what you discover.

1.)   Diction: Do you write in the same "style" of language in every poem? Is this your daily speech style or do you assume a voice for particular characters? Do you use academic language, colloquial language, or inaccessible language?

2.)  Syntax: Is there variety in the structure of your sentences? Do you always write in a typical "correct" sentence or do you allow fragments or other "improper" structures in a poem?

3.)   Line and Stanza:  How do you determine the shape of your line? Do you follow a metrical patter of formal verse? Perhaps Whitman's "musical phrase"? Do you utilize a pattern that follows regular speech or grammar, or Olson's " the HEAD, by way of the EAR, to the SYLLABLE/the HEART, by way of the BREATH, to the LINE"?

4.)   Rhythm and Sonics: Are you aware of the rhythm?  Do you focus on the sonics?  Do you tend to use specific sonic patterns in your work? Can you explain these patterns?

5.)   Metaphor, Image, Allusion:  How do you employ each of these?  Does your writing tend to be based more predominately in one or more? Do you prefer metaphor or simile?  If you use allusions, who/what do you find yourself alluding to? The latest Billy Collins' poem, the Chinese, the Greeks, TV?  How important is the image in your writing, what do you feel the role of an image should be?  Should it be openly symbolic? (A dove=peace) If you do use a symbolic meaning, does it work on both levels as Pound suggests, for the surface level  (a dove flies past the clock tower) and for a deeper meaning (symbolizing peace in our time).  Or is a bird is a bird is a bird meaning nothing more, nothing less?

6.)   Themes & Intent: Are there themes that you return to repeatedly? Are there six poems on your desk with the word "pigeon", three that discuss occur on the downtown train. What overarching themes (love, loss, and death) do you find yourself wrestling? Should a poem "mean" or "be experienced"?  Do you want your reader to interact with a poem intellectually or emotionally or both?

7.)   Influences and Aims:  Whom would you consider an influence?  If there is one particular writer you admire above all others, can you find sign of their influence in your work?  What type of writer do you want to be? Experimental? Mainstream? In what journals would you like to see your work appear?  Do you care about publication? Do you adhere to any specific "school of poetics'" theories?  If you could show your work to one author for feedback, who would it be and why?

Once you realize how you typically approach your writing, you may find it helpful to deliberately change an aspect of it that has become stagnant.  Try writing in the voice of a character, attempt a formal poem or free verse, or explore using atypical grammatical structures. You might listen to the rhythm of a song and incorporate that rhythm in a poem. Changing even one of these variables could have an immediate and re-vitalizing effect on your writing.

After you define your personal preferences, you should apply what you have learned to help guide your reading. You should sample poetry not only from poets whose work you admire, but also from poets with dramatically different aesthetics than your own. Occasionally, try rereading the work of a poet you loathed in High School English to ascertain why they are considered important.  Notice anything you find appealing in these differing texts and incorporate it in your own work.

Your personal aesthetic will evolve as you read and continue to write. While you may never come to enjoy a particular era or poet's work, you will probably discover something helpful to your writing along your way and gain a new appreciation of other's ways of approaching poetry.  Regardless of what style of writing you prefer, taking time to explore other techniques and manners of poetry can help you expand your writing beyond where you are now into new and challenging territory.

--Amy Unsworth  is a Contributing editor for Poems Niederngasse.

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